####################
Typical FFmpeg Usage
####################

Lossless Transcoding
====================

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vcodec copy -acodec copy -o <output video>
   ffmpeg -i <input video> -c:v copy -c:a copy -o <output video>
   ffmpeg -i <input video> -c copy -o <output video>

Lossless Transformations
========================

Vertically Flip Video
---------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vf vflip -c:a copy <output video>

Horizontally Flip Video
-----------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vf hflip -c:a copy <output video>

Rotate Video by :math:`90^\circ` Clockwise
------------------------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vf transpose=1 -c:a copy <output video>

Rotate Video by :math:`90^\circ` Counterclockwise
-------------------------------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vf transpose=2 -c:a copy <output video>

Cropping
========

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter:v "crop=out_w:out_h:x:y" -c:a copy -o <output video>

Extract Left Half of Video
--------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter:v "crop=in_w/2:in_h:0:0" -c:a copy -o <output video>

Extract Right Half of Video
---------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter:v "crop=in_w/2:in_h:in_w/2:0" -c:a copy -o <output video>

Extract Top Half of Video
--------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter:v "crop=in_w:in_h/2:0:0" -c:a copy -o <output video>

Extract Bottom Half of Video
----------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter:v "crop=in_w:in_h/2:0:in_h/2" -c:a copy -o <output video>

Video to OpenGL/Vulkan Compatible Raw Data
==========================================

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -ss <hh:mm:ss> -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt <pixel format> -vframes <n frames to save> <output video>
   ffmpeg -start_number <start with frame n> -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt <pixel format> <output video>

`I420 or IYUV`_
---------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p <output video>

This format is guaranteed to work on `Android`_ and `iOS`_.  A related format is
`YV12`_, which reverses the U and V plane order.

.. _I420 or IYUV: https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-i420/
.. _Android: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/media-formats.html
.. _iOS: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/avfoundation/media_assets_playback_and_editing/file_format_utis
.. _YV12: https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-yv12/

`NV12`_
-------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt nv12 <output video>

.. _NV12: https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-nv12/

`YUV444`_
---------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv444p <output video>

.. _YUV444: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/ImageFormat.html#YUV_444_888

`RGB`_
------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt rgb24 <output video>

.. _RGB: https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/rgb-bi_rgb/

`RGBA`_
-------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -f rawvideo -pix_fmt rgba <output video>

.. _RGBA: https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/rgb-rgba/

Raw Data to Video
=================

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -f rawvideo -s <width>x<height> -pix_fmt <pixel format> -i <input video> <output video>
   ffmpeg -f rawvideo -s <width>x<height> -pix_fmt <pixel format> -i <input video> -c:v <encoder> <output video>

Miscellanea
===========

`Image to video operations`_, `video to image operations`_, `concatenating
videos`_, and `video mosaics`_ are other operations supported by `FFmpeg`_.
`Desktop screen capture`_ is also supported, but `SimpleScreenRecorder`_ is much
easier to use alternative.

.. _Image to video operations: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Slideshow
.. _video to image operations: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Create%20a%20thumbnail%20image%20every%20X%20seconds%20of%20the%20video
.. _concatenating videos: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate
.. _video mosaics: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Create%20a%20mosaic%20out%20of%20several%20input%20videos
.. _FFmpeg: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki
.. _Desktop screen capture: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Capture/Desktop
.. _SimpleScreenRecorder: http://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/

Stack Images Horizontally
-------------------------

.. code:: bash

   convert +append <input images> <output image>

Stack Images Vertically
-----------------------

.. code:: bash

   convert -append <input images> <output image>

Tile Images
-----------

.. code:: bash

   montage -mode concatenate -tile <col>x<row> <list images> <output image>
   montage -mode concatenate -tile <col>x <image prefix>*.<ext> <output image>

Change `Video Bitrate`_
-----------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vb <number>M <output video>

.. _Video Bitrate: https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en

`Change Video Frame Rate`_
--------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -filter "minterpolate='mi_mode=mci:mc_mode=aobmc:vsbmc=1:fps=<number>'" <output video>

.. _Change Video Frame Rate: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/How%20to%20speed%20up%20/%20slow%20down%20a%20video

Speed Up/Slow Down Video
------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video> -vf "setpts=(1/<speed>)*PTS" <output video>

*setpts* only modifies the video's metadata to adjust how long each frame is
displayed.

Merge Two Videos into a Stereoscopic Video
------------------------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i top.mp4 -vf "[in] pad=iw:2*ih [top]; movie=bottom.mp4 [bottom]; [top][bottom] overlay=0:main_h/2 [out]" output_TB.mp4
   ffmpeg -i left.mp4 -vf "[in] pad=2*iw:ih [left]; movie=right.mp4 [right]; [left][right] overlay=main_w/2:0 [out]" output_LR.mp4

Combine Separate Videos into One Multitrack Video
-------------------------------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffmpeg -i <input video 0> -i <input video 1> ... -c copy -map <track 0> -map <track 1> ... <output video>

Query Video Frame Information
-----------------------------

.. code:: bash

   ffprobe -show_frames -pretty <file>

Visualize Bitrate of a Stream Over Time
---------------------------------------

`PlotBitrate`_ uses the following command to query the bitrate data:

.. code:: bash

   ffprobe -show_entries frame=pkt_size,pkt_pts_time <input>

.. _PlotBitrate: https://github.com/zeroepoch/plotbitrate